Science, Objectivity and Ethics in Research Methodology

Abstract

Islam recognizes that Truth is infinite and that different methods are
necessary to reach its different aspects. In other words, in the Islamic paradigm,
each methodology has its appropriate domain which admits the
possibility of certitude while allowing for openness. Clearly, this is the
polar opposite of the relativist who claims that no method can reach
Truth, he denies certitude and dogmatically insists that there is no such
thing as Truth. However, the self-contradictory nahm of the assertion
proves it is false.’
From the Islamic point of view, no single methodology can make a
claim on all knowledge contained in all fields and at all levels. This is
reflected in the traditional formula inserted at the end of scholarly matises
wu’lluhu u’lum “God knows best,” for no scholar can claim to have
come to the end of knowledge, thereby encompassing the infinite Truth
in a self-contained system of thought.
The Islamic approach to knowledge refuses to accept partial truth as if
it were the whole, and a single methodology as if it were the only
methodology. Objectivity requires recognizing a partial truth for what it
is, and not making monopolistic claims on knowledge with a single
methodology. This recognition limits the abuse of power by those who
would deny other valid methodologies and “ways of knowing.’”
Recognizing the multiplicity of methods requires discernment as to
their correct application in specific domains. This requires wisdom and a
fully operational intelligence unobscured by passion. In other words, the
intelligence or ‘uql must be wholesome4e ethics and justice of the
researcher being a necessary condition for discerning appropriate
methodologies. Muslim scholars, therefore, emphasize the ethical training
of the scientist to ensure the just selection of methodologies in each
domain ...