The Role of Religiosity in Shaping Sustainable Behavior A Global Perspective
Main Article Content
Keywords
Religiosity, Sustainable Behaviour, Individual Income, Sustainability and Religion
Abstract
This study investigates the complex interplay between religiosity and sustainable behavior within the broader context of global sustainability, with a particular focus on income as a moderating factor. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset encompassing 46 countries
and 53,000 respondents, we introduce income as a crucial socio-demographic variable, thereby illuminating an unexplored facet of this multifaceted relationship. Our methodological approach employs Pooled OLS regression with robust standard errors to address the central research question. The empirical findings reveal a nuanced relationship: while religiosity in isolation appears to exert a negative influence on sustainable behaviors, its interaction with income paradoxically enhances pro-sustainability tendencies. This study posits that the achievement of sustainability is contingent upon the intricate interplay of personal beliefs, societal norms, environmental attitudes, and economic factors. Our research contributes to the existing literature by elucidating the moderating role of income in the
religiosity-sustainability nexus. The findings underscore the importance of addressing basic economic needs and integrating religious values in fostering responsible environmental behavior. These insights have significant implications for policymakers and environmental advocates in designing effective strategies to promote sustainable practices across diverse socio-economic and cultural contexts.
References
Endnotes
Abrahamse, Wokje, Linda Steg, Robert Gifford, and Charles Vlek. 2009. ‘Factors
Influencing Car Use for Commuting and the Intention to Reduce It: A Question
of Self-Interest or Morality?’ Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and
Behaviour 12: 317–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2009.04.004.
Agudelo, César Augusto, and Angela María Cortes-Gómez. 2021. “Sustainable Behaviors,
Prosocial Behaviors, and Religiosity in Colombia. A First Empirical Assessment”.
Environmental Challenges 4: 100088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100088.
Ajzen, Icek. 1985. “From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior.” In
Action Control, edited by Julius Kuhl and Jürgen Beckmann, SSSP Springer
Series in Social Psychology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2.
Becerra, Manuel, Juan Santaló, and Rosario Silva. 2013. “Being Better vs. Being Different:
Differentiation, Competition, and Pricing Strategies in the Spanish Hotel Industry.”
Tourism Management 34: 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.014.
Beck, Stephen V., and S. Jay Gunderson. 2016. “A Gospel of Prosperity? An Analysis of
the Relationship Between Religion and Earned Income in Ghana, the Most Religious
Country in the World.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 55: 105–129. https://
doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12247.
Bergek, A., and I. Mignon. 2017. “Motives to Adopt Renewable Electricity Technologies:
Evidence from Sweden.” Energy Policy 106: 547–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
enpol.2017.04.016.
Bettendorf, L. J. H., and E. Dijkgraaf. 2005. “The Bicausal Relation Between Religion and
Income.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.856004.
Bettendorf, Leon J.H., and Elbert Dijkgraaf. 2009. “The Bicausal Relation Between
Religion and Income.” Applied Economics 43: 1351–1363. https://doi.
org/10.1080/00036840802600442.
Bhuian, Shahidul, and Sanjay K. Sharma. 2017. “Predicting Consumer Pro-environmental
Behavioral Intention.” Review of International Business Strategy 27: 352–368. https://
doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-03-2017-0022.
Bhutto, Muhammad Yaseen, Xiaohui Liu, Yasir Ali Soomro, Myriam Ertz, and Yasser
Baeshen. 2021. “Adoption of Energy-Efficient Home Appliances: Extending the
Theory of Planned Behavior.” Sustainability 13: 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su13010250.
Boztepe, A. 2012. “Green Marketing and Its Impact on Consumer Buying Behavior.”
European Journal of Economic and Political Studies 5, no. 1.
Brundtland, Gro Harlem. 1987. World Commission on Environment and Development: Our
Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Büchs, Milena, and Sylke V. Schnepf. 2013. “Who Emits Most? Associations Between
Socio-Economic Factors and UK Households’ Home Energy, Transport, Indirect
and Total CO2 Emissions.” Ecological Economics 90: 114–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ecolecon.2013.03.007.
Christopher, I.D., and J. Kidwell. 2019. “Religion and Social Values for Sustainability.”
Sustainability Science 14: 1355–1362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00657-0.
Cohen, Adam B. 2009. “Many Forms of Culture.” American Psychologist 64: 194–204.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015308.
Corraliza, J.A., and J. Berenguer. 2000. “Environmental Values, Beliefs, and
Actions.” Environment and Behavior 32, no. 6: 832–848. https://doi.
org/10.1177/00139160021972829
De Groot, Judith I., and Linda Steg. 2009. “Morality and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of
Awareness, Responsibility, and Norms in the Norm Activation Model.” The Journal
of Social Psychology 149, no. 4: 425–49. https://doi.org/10.3200/socp.149.4.425-449.
Di Fabio, Alberto, and Jacobus G. Maree. 2016. “A Psychological Perspective on the Future
of Work: Promoting Sustainable Projects and Meaning-Making Through Grounded
Reflexivity.” Giornale Italiano di Ricerca Applicata 9. https://doi.org/10.14605/
CS931619.
Diener, E., L. Tay, and D. G. Myers. 2011. “The Religion Paradox: If Religion Makes
People Happy, Why Are So Many Dropping Out?” Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 101: 1278–1290. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024402.
Djupe, P. A., and P. K. Hunt. 2009. “Beyond the Lynn White Thesis: Congregational Effects
on Environmental Concern.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 48: 670–686.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01472.x.
Dunlap, Riley E., Kent D. Van Liere, Angela G. Mertig, and Robert Emmet Jones. 2000.
“New Trends in Measuring Environmental Attitudes: Measuring Endorsement of
the New Ecological Paradigm: A Revised NEP Scale.” Journal of Social Issues 56, no.
3: 425–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176.
Eckberg, David L., and Thomas J. Blocker. 1996. “Christianity, Environmentalism, and the
Theoretical Problem of Fundamentalism.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
35: 343–355. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386580.
Elshaer, Ibrahim, Abu Elnasr Sobaih, Mansour Alyahya, and Ahmed Abu Elnasr. 2021.
“The Impact of Religiosity and Food Consumption Culture on Food Waste Intention
in Saudi Arabia.” Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6473. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116473.
Filippini, Massimo, and Suchita Srinivasan. 2019. “Impact of Religious Participation,
Social Interactions and Globalization on Meat Consumption: Evidence from India.”
Energy Economics 84: 104550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104550.
Frighetto, J. 2011. “Sustainability Study: Global Warming Cools Off as Top Concern.”
Accessed from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/press-room/2011/global-warmingcools-
off-as-top-concern.html.
Ghazali, E. M., D. S. Mutum, and N. Ariswibowo. 2018. “Impact of Religious Values and
Habit on an Extended Green Purchase Behavior Model.” International Journal of
Consumer Studies 42: 639–654. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12472.
Gifford, Robert, and Andreas Nilsson. 2014. “Personal and Social Factors That Influence
Pro-Environmental Concern and Behaviour: A Review.” International Journal of
Psychology 49 (3): 141–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034.
Greeley, Andrew. 1993. “Religion and Attitudes Toward the Environment.” Journal for the
Scientific Study of Religion 32: 19–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386911.
Hayes, Bernadette C., and Manos Marangudakis. 2000. “Religion and Environmental
Issues within Anglo-American Democracies.” Review of Religious Research 42: 159–
174. https://doi.org/10.2307/3512527.
Heath, W. C., M. S. Waters, and J. K. Watson. 1995. “Religion and Economic Welfare:
An Empirical Analysis of State Per Capita Income.” Journal of Economic Behavior
& Organization 27, no. 1: 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(94)00028-d.
Hirsch, J. B. 2010. “Personality and Environmental Concern.” Journal of Environmental
Psychology 30: 245–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.004.
Hope, Andrew L., and Christopher R. Jones. 2014. “The Impact of Religious Faith
on Attitudes to Environmental Issues and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Technologies: A Mixed Methods Study.” Technology in Society 38: 48–59. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2014.02.003.
Huckfeldt, Robert R., and John Sprague. 1995. Citizens, Politics and Social Communication:
Information and Influence in an Election Campaign. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Hwang, HaeJung. 2018. “Do Religion and Religiosity Affect Consumers’ Intentions to
Adopt Pro-environmental Behaviours?” International Journal of Consumer Studies
42: 664–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12488.
Inglehart, Ronald. 1995. “Public Support for Environmental Protection: Objective
Problems and Subjective Values in 43 Societies.” PS: Political Science & Politics 28
(1): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/420583.
Ives, C. D., and J. Kidwell. 2019. “Religion and Social Values for Sustainability.”
Sustainability Science 14: 1355–1362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00657-0.
Jakovcevic, Adriana, and Linda Steg. 2013. “Sustainable Transportation in Argentina:
Values, Beliefs, Norms and Car Use Reduction.” Transportation Research Part F:
Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 20: 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.05.005.
James, William. 2004. The Varieties of Religious Experience. New York: Touchstone.
(Original work published in 1902).
Kahle, L.R. 1996. “Social Values and Consumer Behavior: Research from the List of
Values.” In The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 8, edited by C.
Seligman, J.M. Olson, and M.P. Zanna. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Kahle, L.R., and E. Gurel-Atay. 2014. Communicating Sustainability for the Green Economy.
Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.
Kahle, L.R., and G.-X. Xie. 2008. “Social Values in Consumer Psychology.” In Handbook of
Consumer Psychology, edited by C.P. Haugtvedt, P.M. Herr, and F.R. Kardes. Mahwah,
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Karimi, S. 2019. “Pro-environmental Behaviors Among Agricultural Students: An
Examination of the Value-Belief-Norm Theory.” Journal of Agricultural Science and
Technology 21: 249–263. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3398141.
Karimi, S., and A. Saghaleini. 2021. “What Drives Ranchers’ Intention to Conserve
Rangelands: The Role of Environmental Concern (A Case Study of Angoshteh
Watershed in Borujerd County, Iran).” Journal of Rangeland Science 11: 419–430.
Karimi, Saeid, Genovaitė Liobikienė, and Fatemeh Alitavakoli. 2022. “The Effect of
Religiosity on Pro-Environmental Behavior Based on the Theory of Planned
Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Iranian Rural Female Facilitators.”
Frontiers in Psychology 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.745019.
Kearns, Laurel. 1996. “Saving the Creation: Christian Environmentalism in the United
States.” Sociology of Religion 57 (1): 55–70. https://doi.org/10.2307/3712004.
Kirchmaier, Isadora, Jens Prüfer, and Stefan T. Trautmann. 2018. “Religion, Moral
Attitudes, and Economic Behavior.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
148: 282–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.02.022.
Kollmuss, Anja, and Julian Agyeman. 2002. “Mind the Gap: Why Do People Act
Environmentally and What Are the Barriers to Pro-environmental Behaviour?”
Environmental Education Research 8: 239–260.
Kumar, A. 2019. “Exploring Young Adults’ E-waste Recycling Behavior Using an Extended
Theory of Planned Behavior Model: A Cross-cultural Study.” Resources, Conservation
and Recycling 141: 378–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.013.
Leary, R. Bret, Elizabeth A. Minton, and John D. Mittelstaedt. 2016. “Thou Shall Not?
The Influence of Religion on Beliefs of Stewardship and Dominion, Sustainable
Behaviors, and Marketing Systems.” Journal of Macromarketing 36, no. 4: 457–70.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146715626219.
Leonidou, Constantinos N., Verena Gruber, and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch. 2022.
“Consumers’ Environmental Sustainability Beliefs and Activism: A Cross-Cultural
Examination.” Journal of International Marketing 30, no. 4: 78–104. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1069031x221128786.
Lin, Xuehong. 2019. “Multiple Pathways of Transportation Investment to Promote
Economic Growth in China: A Structural Equation Modeling Perspective.”
Transportation Letters 12 (7): 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2019.1635
780.
Lipford, J. W., and R. D. Tollison. 2003. “Religious Participation and Income.” Journal
of Economic Behavior & Organization 51, no. 2: 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0167-2681(02)00096-3.
MacKinnon, James G., and Halbert White. 1985. “Some Heteroskedasticity-Consistent
Covariance Matrix Estimators with Improved Finite Sample Properties.” Journal of
Econometrics 29 (3): 305–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(85)90158-7.
Mancha, R. M., and C. Y. Yoder. 2015. “Cultural Antecedents of Green Behavioral
Intent: An Environmental Theory of Planned Behavior.” Journal of Environmental
Psychology 43: 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.005.
Martinez, Leah H. 2005. “Post Industrial Revolution Human Activity and Climate Change:
Why the United States Must Implement Mandatory Limits on Industrial Greenhouse
Gas Emissions.” Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 20, no. 2: 403–421. http://
www.jstor.org/stable/42842978.
Maslow, Abraham H. 1943. “A Theory of Human Motivation.” Psychological Review 50
(4): 370–96.
Mathras, D., Adam B. Cohen, N. Mandel, and D. Glen Mick. 2015. “The Effects of Religion
on Consumer Behavior: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda.” Journal
of Consumer Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2015.08.001.
McDaniel, Stephen W., and John J. Burnett. 1990. “Consumer Religiosity and Retail
Store Evaluative Criteria.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 18: 101–112.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02726426.
Minton, Elizabeth A., Lynn R. Kahle, and Chung-Hyun Kim. 2015. “Religion and Motives
for Sustainable Behaviors: A Cross-Cultural Comparison and Contrast.” Journal of
Business Research 68, no. 9: 1937–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.003.
Mo, Y., J. Zhao, and T.L.P. Tang. 2023. “Religious Beliefs Inspire Sustainable HOPE (Help
Ourselves Protect the Environment): Culture, Religion, Dogma, and Liturgy—The
Matthew Effect in Religious Social Responsibility.” Journal of Business Ethics 184:
665–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05131-z.
Muñoz-García, Antonio, and Ma Dolores Villena-Martínez. 2020. “Sustainable Behavior
among Spanish University Students in Terms of Dimensions of Religion and
Spirituality.” Sustainability 12, no. 2: 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020470.
Nguyen, T.N., A. Lobo, and S. Greenland. 2016. “Pro-environmental Purchase Behaviour:
The Role of Consumers’ Biospheric Values.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer
Services 33: 98-108. https://doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.08.010.
Nielsen, Jonas Ø., and Sarah Ann Lise D’haen. 2014. “Asking About Climate Change:
Reflections on Methodology in Qualitative Climate Change Research Published in
Global Environmental Change Since 2000.” Global Environmental Change 24: 276–87.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.10.006.
Onel, N., and A. Mukherjee. 2015. “Understanding Environmentally Sensitive Consumer
Behavior: An Integrative Research Perspective.” World Journal of Entrepreneurship,
Management and Sustainable Development 11: 2–16. https://doi:10.1108/
WJEMSD-07-2014-0021.
Panzone, Luca, Denis Hilton, Laura Sale, and Doron Cohen. 2016. “Socio-demographics,
Implicit Attitudes, Explicit Attitudes, and Sustainable Consumption in Supermarket
Shopping.” Journal of Economic Psychology 55: 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
joep.2016.02.004.
Pew Research Center. 2017. “The Changing Global Religious Landscape.”
Accessed February 12, 2019. http://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/
the-changing-global-religious-landscape/.
Pieters, Leon, James Cascone, Derek Pankratz, and David R. Novak. “Economic
Uncertainty Puts Pressure on Sustainable Behavior Change.” Deloitte Insights,
September 12, 2023. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/environmental-social-
governance/sustainable-consumer-behaviors.html.
Pihkala, P. 2018. “Death, the Environment, and Theology.” Dialog. https://doi.org/10.1111/
dial.12437.
Piligrimienė, Žaneta, Andželika Žukauskaitė, Hubert Korzilius, Jūratė Banytė, and Aistė
Dovalienė. 2020. “Internal and External Determinants of Consumer Engagement
in Sustainable Consumption.” Sustainability 12: 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su12041349.
Pimdee, Paitoon. 2020. “Antecedents of Thai Student Teacher Sustainable Consumption
Behavior.” Heliyon 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04676.
Quoquab, Farzana, Jihad Mohammad, and Nurain N. Sukari. 2019. “A Multiple-Item
Scale for Measuring ‘Sustainable Consumption Behaviour’ Construct: Development
and Psychometric Evaluation.” Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 31:
791–816. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-02-2018-0047.
Radziszewska, Aleksandra. “The Role of Social Media in Promotion of Sustainable
Consumption Behaviour.” Paper presented at 34th IBIMA Conference, Madrid,
Spain, November 13–14, 2019. Available online: https://ibima.org/accepted-paper/
the-role-of-social-media-in-promotion-of-sustainable-consumption-behaviour/
(accessed on August 20, 2022).
Ramkissoon, H., L. D. G. Smith, and B. Weiler. 2013. “Testing the Dimensionality of Place
Attachment and Its Relationships with Place Satisfaction and Pro-environmental
Behaviors: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.” Tourism Management 36:
552–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.003.
Rice, Glenn. 2006. “Pro-environmental Behavior in Egypt: Is There a Role for Islamic
Environmental Ethics?” Journal of Business Ethics 65: 373–390. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10551-006-0010-9.
Robina Ramírez, Rafael, and Manuel Pulido Fernández. 2018. “Religious Travellers’
Improved Attitude towards Nature.” Sustainability 10 (9): 3064. https://doi.
org/10.3390/su10093064.
Saphores, J.-D.M., Ogunseitan, O.A., and Shapiro, A.A. 2012. “Willingness to Engage in a
Pro-environmental Behavior: An Analysis of E-waste Recycling Based on a National
Survey of US Households.” Resources, Conservation, and Recycling 60: 49–63. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.12.003.
Sarre, Peter. 1995. “Towards Global Environmental Values: Lessons from Western
and Eastern Experience.” Environmental Values 4 (2): 115–27. https://doi.
org/10.3197/096327195776679565.
Schwartz, Shalom H. 1977. “Normative Influences on Altruism.” In Advances in Experimental
Social Psychology, vol. 10, 221–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60358-5.
Schwartz, Shalom H. 1992. “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical
Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries.” In Advances in Experimental Social
Psychology, vol. 25, 1–65. https://doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60281-6.
Sheoran, Monika, and Divesh Kumar. 2022. “Conceptualisation of Sustainable Consumer
Behaviour: Converging the Theory of Planned Behavior and Consumption Cycle.”
Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management 17: 103–135. https://
doi:10.1108/QROM-05-2020-1940.
Sheth, J.N. 1983. “An Integrative Theory of Patronage Preference and Behavior.” In
Patronage Behavior and Retail Management, edited by W.R. Darden and R.F. Lusch,
9–28. New York: North-Holland.
Shin, F., and Preston, J.L. 2019. “Green as the Gospel: The Power of Stewardship Messages
to Improve Climate Change Attitudes.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality.
Advance online publication. https://doi:10.1037/rel0000249.
Soopramanien, Didier, Ahmad Daryanto, and Zening Song. 2023. “Urban Residents’
Environmental Citizenship Behaviour: The Roles of Place Attachment, Social
Norms and Perceived Environmental Responsibility.” Cities 132: 104097. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104097.
Steg, L., and C. Vlek. 2009. “Encouraging Pro-environmental Behavior: An Integrative
Review and Research Agenda.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29: 309–317.
https://doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004.
Steg, L., Bolderdijk, J. W., Keizer, K., and Perlaviciute, G. 2014. “An Integrated Framework
for Encouraging Pro-environmental Behavior: The Role of Values, Situational
Factors, and Goals.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 38: 104–115. https://
doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.01.002.
Steg, L., Perlaviciute, G., and van der Werff, E. 2015. “Understanding the Human
Dimensions of a Sustainable Energy Transition.” Frontiers in Psychology 6 (805):
1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00805.
Steg, Linda, Lieke Dreijerink, and Wokje Abrahamse. 2005. “Factors Influencing the
Acceptability of Energy Policies: A Test of VBN Theory.” Journal of Environmental
Psychology 25, no. 4: 415–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.08.003.
Stern, Paul C. 2000. “New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of
Environmentally Significant Behavior.” Journal of Social Issues 56, no. 3: 407–24.
https://doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
Stern, Paul C., Dietz, Thomas, Abel, Troy, Guagnano, Gregory A., and Kalof, Linda.
1999. “A Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Support for Social Movements: The Case of
Environmentalism.” Human Ecology Review 6: 81–97.
Thøgersen, John. 2005. “How May Consumer Policy Empower Consumers for Sustainable
Lifestyles?” Journal of Consumer Policy 28, no. 2: 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10603-005-2982-8.
Topal, H.F., Hunt, D.V.L., Rogers, C.D.F. 2021. “Sustainability Understanding and
Behaviors across Urban Areas: A Case Study on Istanbul City.” Sustainability 13:
7711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147711.
Vaidyanathan, Brandon, Khalsa, Sukhwinder, and Ecklund, Elaine Howard. 2018.
“Naturally Ambivalent: Religion’s Role in Shaping Environmental Action.” Sociology
of Religion 79 (4): 472–494. https://doi:10.1093/socrel/srx043.
Vainio, Annukka, and Riikka Paloniemi. 2014. “The Complex Role of Attitudes toward
Science in Pro-environmental Consumption in the Nordic Countries.” Ecological
Economics 108: 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.09.026.
Vitell, Scott J. 2009. “The Role of Religiosity in Business and Consumer Ethics: A Review
of the Literature.” Journal of Business Ethics 90: 155–167. https://doi:10.1007/
s10551-010-0382-8.
Wahab, Mastura. 2017. “Relationships between Religious Work Values, Sustainable
Work Behaviours and Sustainable Energy Consumptions.” Management Decision
55: 1854–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2017-0039.
Wald, Kenneth D., Owen, Diana E., and Hill, Samuel S. 1988. “Churches as Political
Communities.” American Political Science Review 82 (2): 531–548.
Wan, M., Toppinen, A., Chen, J. 2014. “Consumers’ Environmental Awareness towards
Children’s Furniture in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China.” Scandinavian Forest
Economics. In Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Scandinavian Society of
Forest Economics. Scandinavian Society of Forest Economics.
White, Halbert. 1980. “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator
and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.” Econometrica 48 (4): 817–38. https://doi.
org/10.2307/1912934.
World Value Survey. 2023. World Value Survey Wave 7 (2017-2022). Retrieved June 8, 2023,
from https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp.
Wu, Ci-sheng, Xiao-xia Xhou, and Meng Song. 2016. “Sustainable Consumer Behavior
in China: An Empirical Analysis from the Midwest Regions.” Journal of Cleaner
Production 134: 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.057.
Abrahamse, Wokje, Linda Steg, Robert Gifford, and Charles Vlek. 2009. ‘Factors
Influencing Car Use for Commuting and the Intention to Reduce It: A Question
of Self-Interest or Morality?’ Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and
Behaviour 12: 317–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2009.04.004.
Agudelo, César Augusto, and Angela María Cortes-Gómez. 2021. “Sustainable Behaviors,
Prosocial Behaviors, and Religiosity in Colombia. A First Empirical Assessment”.
Environmental Challenges 4: 100088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100088.
Ajzen, Icek. 1985. “From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior.” In
Action Control, edited by Julius Kuhl and Jürgen Beckmann, SSSP Springer
Series in Social Psychology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2.
Becerra, Manuel, Juan Santaló, and Rosario Silva. 2013. “Being Better vs. Being Different:
Differentiation, Competition, and Pricing Strategies in the Spanish Hotel Industry.”
Tourism Management 34: 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.014.
Beck, Stephen V., and S. Jay Gunderson. 2016. “A Gospel of Prosperity? An Analysis of
the Relationship Between Religion and Earned Income in Ghana, the Most Religious
Country in the World.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 55: 105–129. https://
doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12247.
Bergek, A., and I. Mignon. 2017. “Motives to Adopt Renewable Electricity Technologies:
Evidence from Sweden.” Energy Policy 106: 547–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
enpol.2017.04.016.
Bettendorf, L. J. H., and E. Dijkgraaf. 2005. “The Bicausal Relation Between Religion and
Income.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.856004.
Bettendorf, Leon J.H., and Elbert Dijkgraaf. 2009. “The Bicausal Relation Between
Religion and Income.” Applied Economics 43: 1351–1363. https://doi.
org/10.1080/00036840802600442.
Bhuian, Shahidul, and Sanjay K. Sharma. 2017. “Predicting Consumer Pro-environmental
Behavioral Intention.” Review of International Business Strategy 27: 352–368. https://
doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-03-2017-0022.
Bhutto, Muhammad Yaseen, Xiaohui Liu, Yasir Ali Soomro, Myriam Ertz, and Yasser
Baeshen. 2021. “Adoption of Energy-Efficient Home Appliances: Extending the
Theory of Planned Behavior.” Sustainability 13: 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su13010250.
Boztepe, A. 2012. “Green Marketing and Its Impact on Consumer Buying Behavior.”
European Journal of Economic and Political Studies 5, no. 1.
Brundtland, Gro Harlem. 1987. World Commission on Environment and Development: Our
Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Büchs, Milena, and Sylke V. Schnepf. 2013. “Who Emits Most? Associations Between
Socio-Economic Factors and UK Households’ Home Energy, Transport, Indirect
and Total CO2 Emissions.” Ecological Economics 90: 114–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ecolecon.2013.03.007.
Christopher, I.D., and J. Kidwell. 2019. “Religion and Social Values for Sustainability.”
Sustainability Science 14: 1355–1362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00657-0.
Cohen, Adam B. 2009. “Many Forms of Culture.” American Psychologist 64: 194–204.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015308.
Corraliza, J.A., and J. Berenguer. 2000. “Environmental Values, Beliefs, and
Actions.” Environment and Behavior 32, no. 6: 832–848. https://doi.
org/10.1177/00139160021972829
De Groot, Judith I., and Linda Steg. 2009. “Morality and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of
Awareness, Responsibility, and Norms in the Norm Activation Model.” The Journal
of Social Psychology 149, no. 4: 425–49. https://doi.org/10.3200/socp.149.4.425-449.
Di Fabio, Alberto, and Jacobus G. Maree. 2016. “A Psychological Perspective on the Future
of Work: Promoting Sustainable Projects and Meaning-Making Through Grounded
Reflexivity.” Giornale Italiano di Ricerca Applicata 9. https://doi.org/10.14605/
CS931619.
Diener, E., L. Tay, and D. G. Myers. 2011. “The Religion Paradox: If Religion Makes
People Happy, Why Are So Many Dropping Out?” Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 101: 1278–1290. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024402.
Djupe, P. A., and P. K. Hunt. 2009. “Beyond the Lynn White Thesis: Congregational Effects
on Environmental Concern.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 48: 670–686.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01472.x.
Dunlap, Riley E., Kent D. Van Liere, Angela G. Mertig, and Robert Emmet Jones. 2000.
“New Trends in Measuring Environmental Attitudes: Measuring Endorsement of
the New Ecological Paradigm: A Revised NEP Scale.” Journal of Social Issues 56, no.
3: 425–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176.
Eckberg, David L., and Thomas J. Blocker. 1996. “Christianity, Environmentalism, and the
Theoretical Problem of Fundamentalism.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
35: 343–355. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386580.
Elshaer, Ibrahim, Abu Elnasr Sobaih, Mansour Alyahya, and Ahmed Abu Elnasr. 2021.
“The Impact of Religiosity and Food Consumption Culture on Food Waste Intention
in Saudi Arabia.” Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6473. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116473.
Filippini, Massimo, and Suchita Srinivasan. 2019. “Impact of Religious Participation,
Social Interactions and Globalization on Meat Consumption: Evidence from India.”
Energy Economics 84: 104550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104550.
Frighetto, J. 2011. “Sustainability Study: Global Warming Cools Off as Top Concern.”
Accessed from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/press-room/2011/global-warmingcools-
off-as-top-concern.html.
Ghazali, E. M., D. S. Mutum, and N. Ariswibowo. 2018. “Impact of Religious Values and
Habit on an Extended Green Purchase Behavior Model.” International Journal of
Consumer Studies 42: 639–654. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12472.
Gifford, Robert, and Andreas Nilsson. 2014. “Personal and Social Factors That Influence
Pro-Environmental Concern and Behaviour: A Review.” International Journal of
Psychology 49 (3): 141–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034.
Greeley, Andrew. 1993. “Religion and Attitudes Toward the Environment.” Journal for the
Scientific Study of Religion 32: 19–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386911.
Hayes, Bernadette C., and Manos Marangudakis. 2000. “Religion and Environmental
Issues within Anglo-American Democracies.” Review of Religious Research 42: 159–
174. https://doi.org/10.2307/3512527.
Heath, W. C., M. S. Waters, and J. K. Watson. 1995. “Religion and Economic Welfare:
An Empirical Analysis of State Per Capita Income.” Journal of Economic Behavior
& Organization 27, no. 1: 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(94)00028-d.
Hirsch, J. B. 2010. “Personality and Environmental Concern.” Journal of Environmental
Psychology 30: 245–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.004.
Hope, Andrew L., and Christopher R. Jones. 2014. “The Impact of Religious Faith
on Attitudes to Environmental Issues and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Technologies: A Mixed Methods Study.” Technology in Society 38: 48–59. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2014.02.003.
Huckfeldt, Robert R., and John Sprague. 1995. Citizens, Politics and Social Communication:
Information and Influence in an Election Campaign. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Hwang, HaeJung. 2018. “Do Religion and Religiosity Affect Consumers’ Intentions to
Adopt Pro-environmental Behaviours?” International Journal of Consumer Studies
42: 664–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12488.
Inglehart, Ronald. 1995. “Public Support for Environmental Protection: Objective
Problems and Subjective Values in 43 Societies.” PS: Political Science & Politics 28
(1): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/420583.
Ives, C. D., and J. Kidwell. 2019. “Religion and Social Values for Sustainability.”
Sustainability Science 14: 1355–1362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00657-0.
Jakovcevic, Adriana, and Linda Steg. 2013. “Sustainable Transportation in Argentina:
Values, Beliefs, Norms and Car Use Reduction.” Transportation Research Part F:
Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 20: 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.05.005.
James, William. 2004. The Varieties of Religious Experience. New York: Touchstone.
(Original work published in 1902).
Kahle, L.R. 1996. “Social Values and Consumer Behavior: Research from the List of
Values.” In The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 8, edited by C.
Seligman, J.M. Olson, and M.P. Zanna. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Kahle, L.R., and E. Gurel-Atay. 2014. Communicating Sustainability for the Green Economy.
Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.
Kahle, L.R., and G.-X. Xie. 2008. “Social Values in Consumer Psychology.” In Handbook of
Consumer Psychology, edited by C.P. Haugtvedt, P.M. Herr, and F.R. Kardes. Mahwah,
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Karimi, S. 2019. “Pro-environmental Behaviors Among Agricultural Students: An
Examination of the Value-Belief-Norm Theory.” Journal of Agricultural Science and
Technology 21: 249–263. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3398141.
Karimi, S., and A. Saghaleini. 2021. “What Drives Ranchers’ Intention to Conserve
Rangelands: The Role of Environmental Concern (A Case Study of Angoshteh
Watershed in Borujerd County, Iran).” Journal of Rangeland Science 11: 419–430.
Karimi, Saeid, Genovaitė Liobikienė, and Fatemeh Alitavakoli. 2022. “The Effect of
Religiosity on Pro-Environmental Behavior Based on the Theory of Planned
Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Iranian Rural Female Facilitators.”
Frontiers in Psychology 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.745019.
Kearns, Laurel. 1996. “Saving the Creation: Christian Environmentalism in the United
States.” Sociology of Religion 57 (1): 55–70. https://doi.org/10.2307/3712004.
Kirchmaier, Isadora, Jens Prüfer, and Stefan T. Trautmann. 2018. “Religion, Moral
Attitudes, and Economic Behavior.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
148: 282–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.02.022.
Kollmuss, Anja, and Julian Agyeman. 2002. “Mind the Gap: Why Do People Act
Environmentally and What Are the Barriers to Pro-environmental Behaviour?”
Environmental Education Research 8: 239–260.
Kumar, A. 2019. “Exploring Young Adults’ E-waste Recycling Behavior Using an Extended
Theory of Planned Behavior Model: A Cross-cultural Study.” Resources, Conservation
and Recycling 141: 378–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.013.
Leary, R. Bret, Elizabeth A. Minton, and John D. Mittelstaedt. 2016. “Thou Shall Not?
The Influence of Religion on Beliefs of Stewardship and Dominion, Sustainable
Behaviors, and Marketing Systems.” Journal of Macromarketing 36, no. 4: 457–70.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146715626219.
Leonidou, Constantinos N., Verena Gruber, and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch. 2022.
“Consumers’ Environmental Sustainability Beliefs and Activism: A Cross-Cultural
Examination.” Journal of International Marketing 30, no. 4: 78–104. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1069031x221128786.
Lin, Xuehong. 2019. “Multiple Pathways of Transportation Investment to Promote
Economic Growth in China: A Structural Equation Modeling Perspective.”
Transportation Letters 12 (7): 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2019.1635
780.
Lipford, J. W., and R. D. Tollison. 2003. “Religious Participation and Income.” Journal
of Economic Behavior & Organization 51, no. 2: 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0167-2681(02)00096-3.
MacKinnon, James G., and Halbert White. 1985. “Some Heteroskedasticity-Consistent
Covariance Matrix Estimators with Improved Finite Sample Properties.” Journal of
Econometrics 29 (3): 305–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(85)90158-7.
Mancha, R. M., and C. Y. Yoder. 2015. “Cultural Antecedents of Green Behavioral
Intent: An Environmental Theory of Planned Behavior.” Journal of Environmental
Psychology 43: 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.005.
Martinez, Leah H. 2005. “Post Industrial Revolution Human Activity and Climate Change:
Why the United States Must Implement Mandatory Limits on Industrial Greenhouse
Gas Emissions.” Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 20, no. 2: 403–421. http://
www.jstor.org/stable/42842978.
Maslow, Abraham H. 1943. “A Theory of Human Motivation.” Psychological Review 50
(4): 370–96.
Mathras, D., Adam B. Cohen, N. Mandel, and D. Glen Mick. 2015. “The Effects of Religion
on Consumer Behavior: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda.” Journal
of Consumer Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2015.08.001.
McDaniel, Stephen W., and John J. Burnett. 1990. “Consumer Religiosity and Retail
Store Evaluative Criteria.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 18: 101–112.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02726426.
Minton, Elizabeth A., Lynn R. Kahle, and Chung-Hyun Kim. 2015. “Religion and Motives
for Sustainable Behaviors: A Cross-Cultural Comparison and Contrast.” Journal of
Business Research 68, no. 9: 1937–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.003.
Mo, Y., J. Zhao, and T.L.P. Tang. 2023. “Religious Beliefs Inspire Sustainable HOPE (Help
Ourselves Protect the Environment): Culture, Religion, Dogma, and Liturgy—The
Matthew Effect in Religious Social Responsibility.” Journal of Business Ethics 184:
665–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05131-z.
Muñoz-García, Antonio, and Ma Dolores Villena-Martínez. 2020. “Sustainable Behavior
among Spanish University Students in Terms of Dimensions of Religion and
Spirituality.” Sustainability 12, no. 2: 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020470.
Nguyen, T.N., A. Lobo, and S. Greenland. 2016. “Pro-environmental Purchase Behaviour:
The Role of Consumers’ Biospheric Values.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer
Services 33: 98-108. https://doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.08.010.
Nielsen, Jonas Ø., and Sarah Ann Lise D’haen. 2014. “Asking About Climate Change:
Reflections on Methodology in Qualitative Climate Change Research Published in
Global Environmental Change Since 2000.” Global Environmental Change 24: 276–87.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.10.006.
Onel, N., and A. Mukherjee. 2015. “Understanding Environmentally Sensitive Consumer
Behavior: An Integrative Research Perspective.” World Journal of Entrepreneurship,
Management and Sustainable Development 11: 2–16. https://doi:10.1108/
WJEMSD-07-2014-0021.
Panzone, Luca, Denis Hilton, Laura Sale, and Doron Cohen. 2016. “Socio-demographics,
Implicit Attitudes, Explicit Attitudes, and Sustainable Consumption in Supermarket
Shopping.” Journal of Economic Psychology 55: 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
joep.2016.02.004.
Pew Research Center. 2017. “The Changing Global Religious Landscape.”
Accessed February 12, 2019. http://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/
the-changing-global-religious-landscape/.
Pieters, Leon, James Cascone, Derek Pankratz, and David R. Novak. “Economic
Uncertainty Puts Pressure on Sustainable Behavior Change.” Deloitte Insights,
September 12, 2023. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/environmental-social-
governance/sustainable-consumer-behaviors.html.
Pihkala, P. 2018. “Death, the Environment, and Theology.” Dialog. https://doi.org/10.1111/
dial.12437.
Piligrimienė, Žaneta, Andželika Žukauskaitė, Hubert Korzilius, Jūratė Banytė, and Aistė
Dovalienė. 2020. “Internal and External Determinants of Consumer Engagement
in Sustainable Consumption.” Sustainability 12: 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su12041349.
Pimdee, Paitoon. 2020. “Antecedents of Thai Student Teacher Sustainable Consumption
Behavior.” Heliyon 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04676.
Quoquab, Farzana, Jihad Mohammad, and Nurain N. Sukari. 2019. “A Multiple-Item
Scale for Measuring ‘Sustainable Consumption Behaviour’ Construct: Development
and Psychometric Evaluation.” Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 31:
791–816. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-02-2018-0047.
Radziszewska, Aleksandra. “The Role of Social Media in Promotion of Sustainable
Consumption Behaviour.” Paper presented at 34th IBIMA Conference, Madrid,
Spain, November 13–14, 2019. Available online: https://ibima.org/accepted-paper/
the-role-of-social-media-in-promotion-of-sustainable-consumption-behaviour/
(accessed on August 20, 2022).
Ramkissoon, H., L. D. G. Smith, and B. Weiler. 2013. “Testing the Dimensionality of Place
Attachment and Its Relationships with Place Satisfaction and Pro-environmental
Behaviors: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.” Tourism Management 36:
552–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.003.
Rice, Glenn. 2006. “Pro-environmental Behavior in Egypt: Is There a Role for Islamic
Environmental Ethics?” Journal of Business Ethics 65: 373–390. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10551-006-0010-9.
Robina Ramírez, Rafael, and Manuel Pulido Fernández. 2018. “Religious Travellers’
Improved Attitude towards Nature.” Sustainability 10 (9): 3064. https://doi.
org/10.3390/su10093064.
Saphores, J.-D.M., Ogunseitan, O.A., and Shapiro, A.A. 2012. “Willingness to Engage in a
Pro-environmental Behavior: An Analysis of E-waste Recycling Based on a National
Survey of US Households.” Resources, Conservation, and Recycling 60: 49–63. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.12.003.
Sarre, Peter. 1995. “Towards Global Environmental Values: Lessons from Western
and Eastern Experience.” Environmental Values 4 (2): 115–27. https://doi.
org/10.3197/096327195776679565.
Schwartz, Shalom H. 1977. “Normative Influences on Altruism.” In Advances in Experimental
Social Psychology, vol. 10, 221–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60358-5.
Schwartz, Shalom H. 1992. “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical
Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries.” In Advances in Experimental Social
Psychology, vol. 25, 1–65. https://doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60281-6.
Sheoran, Monika, and Divesh Kumar. 2022. “Conceptualisation of Sustainable Consumer
Behaviour: Converging the Theory of Planned Behavior and Consumption Cycle.”
Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management 17: 103–135. https://
doi:10.1108/QROM-05-2020-1940.
Sheth, J.N. 1983. “An Integrative Theory of Patronage Preference and Behavior.” In
Patronage Behavior and Retail Management, edited by W.R. Darden and R.F. Lusch,
9–28. New York: North-Holland.
Shin, F., and Preston, J.L. 2019. “Green as the Gospel: The Power of Stewardship Messages
to Improve Climate Change Attitudes.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality.
Advance online publication. https://doi:10.1037/rel0000249.
Soopramanien, Didier, Ahmad Daryanto, and Zening Song. 2023. “Urban Residents’
Environmental Citizenship Behaviour: The Roles of Place Attachment, Social
Norms and Perceived Environmental Responsibility.” Cities 132: 104097. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104097.
Steg, L., and C. Vlek. 2009. “Encouraging Pro-environmental Behavior: An Integrative
Review and Research Agenda.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29: 309–317.
https://doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004.
Steg, L., Bolderdijk, J. W., Keizer, K., and Perlaviciute, G. 2014. “An Integrated Framework
for Encouraging Pro-environmental Behavior: The Role of Values, Situational
Factors, and Goals.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 38: 104–115. https://
doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.01.002.
Steg, L., Perlaviciute, G., and van der Werff, E. 2015. “Understanding the Human
Dimensions of a Sustainable Energy Transition.” Frontiers in Psychology 6 (805):
1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00805.
Steg, Linda, Lieke Dreijerink, and Wokje Abrahamse. 2005. “Factors Influencing the
Acceptability of Energy Policies: A Test of VBN Theory.” Journal of Environmental
Psychology 25, no. 4: 415–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.08.003.
Stern, Paul C. 2000. “New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of
Environmentally Significant Behavior.” Journal of Social Issues 56, no. 3: 407–24.
https://doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
Stern, Paul C., Dietz, Thomas, Abel, Troy, Guagnano, Gregory A., and Kalof, Linda.
1999. “A Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Support for Social Movements: The Case of
Environmentalism.” Human Ecology Review 6: 81–97.
Thøgersen, John. 2005. “How May Consumer Policy Empower Consumers for Sustainable
Lifestyles?” Journal of Consumer Policy 28, no. 2: 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10603-005-2982-8.
Topal, H.F., Hunt, D.V.L., Rogers, C.D.F. 2021. “Sustainability Understanding and
Behaviors across Urban Areas: A Case Study on Istanbul City.” Sustainability 13:
7711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147711.
Vaidyanathan, Brandon, Khalsa, Sukhwinder, and Ecklund, Elaine Howard. 2018.
“Naturally Ambivalent: Religion’s Role in Shaping Environmental Action.” Sociology
of Religion 79 (4): 472–494. https://doi:10.1093/socrel/srx043.
Vainio, Annukka, and Riikka Paloniemi. 2014. “The Complex Role of Attitudes toward
Science in Pro-environmental Consumption in the Nordic Countries.” Ecological
Economics 108: 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.09.026.
Vitell, Scott J. 2009. “The Role of Religiosity in Business and Consumer Ethics: A Review
of the Literature.” Journal of Business Ethics 90: 155–167. https://doi:10.1007/
s10551-010-0382-8.
Wahab, Mastura. 2017. “Relationships between Religious Work Values, Sustainable
Work Behaviours and Sustainable Energy Consumptions.” Management Decision
55: 1854–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2017-0039.
Wald, Kenneth D., Owen, Diana E., and Hill, Samuel S. 1988. “Churches as Political
Communities.” American Political Science Review 82 (2): 531–548.
Wan, M., Toppinen, A., Chen, J. 2014. “Consumers’ Environmental Awareness towards
Children’s Furniture in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China.” Scandinavian Forest
Economics. In Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Scandinavian Society of
Forest Economics. Scandinavian Society of Forest Economics.
White, Halbert. 1980. “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator
and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.” Econometrica 48 (4): 817–38. https://doi.
org/10.2307/1912934.
World Value Survey. 2023. World Value Survey Wave 7 (2017-2022). Retrieved June 8, 2023,
from https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp.
Wu, Ci-sheng, Xiao-xia Xhou, and Meng Song. 2016. “Sustainable Consumer Behavior
in China: An Empirical Analysis from the Midwest Regions.” Journal of Cleaner
Production 134: 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.057.
Article Sidebar
Published
Jun 20, 2025
Article Details
How to Cite
Hamza, S. M., & Shirazi, N. S. (2025). The Role of Religiosity in Shaping Sustainable Behavior: A Global Perspective. American Journal of Islam and Society, 42(1-2), 42–83. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v42i1-2.3604
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
When an article is accepted for publication, copyrights of the publication are transferred from the author to the Journal and reserved for the Publisher. Permission will be required from the publisher for any work for which the author does not hold copyright and for any substantial extracts from work by other authors. The copyright holder giving permission may instruct the author on the form of acknowledgment to be followed. Alternatively, we recommend following the style: “Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year]”.
No commercial reproduction is allowed without the express permission of the publisher.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
© The International Institute of Islamic Thought
